vSphere go命令行管理工具govc
一、简介
VMware vSphere APIs (ESXi and/or vCenter)的go语言客户端
支持的ESXi / vCenter版本：
- ESXi / vCenter 6.0, 6.5 , 6.7 (5.5和5.1版本功能部分支持, 但官方不再支持)
GitHub地址：https://github.com/vmware/govmomi
govc下载地址：https://github.com/vmware/govmomi/releases
govc使用手册：https://github.com/vmware/govmomi/blob/master/govc/USAGE.md
二、安装配置
1、安装
在govc下载地址下载对应平台的二进制包
curl -L $URL_TO_BINARY | gunzip > /usr/local/bin/govc
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/govc
MacOS对应govc_darwin_amd64.gz
2、配置
govc是通过设置环境变量进行配置的。
GOVC_URL：ESXi或vCenter实例的地址默认协议
https，URL路径为/sdk。可在URL中设置用户名密码，例如：https://user:pass@host/sdk.如果用户名密码中包含特殊字符(
\,#,:)，可以在GOVC_USERNAME，GOVC_PASSWORD单独设置用户名密码。GOVC_USERNAME：用户名GOVC_PASSWORD：密码GOVC_TLS_CA_CERTS：指定CA证书$ export GOVC_TLS_CA_CERTS=~/.govc_ca.crt # 多证书设置 $ export GOVC_TLS_CA_CERTS=~/ca-certificates/bar.crt:~/ca-certificates/foo.crtGOVC_TLS_KNOWN_HOSTS：指定验证证书的指纹$ export GOVC_TLS_KNOWN_HOSTS=~/.govc_known_hosts $ govc about.cert -u host -k -thumbprint | tee -a $GOVC_TLS_KNOWN_HOSTS $ govc about -u user:pass@hostGOVC_TLS_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT: TLS握手的超时时间GOVC_INSECURE：关闭证书验证export GOVC_INSECURE=1GOVC_DATACENTER：GOVC_DATASTORE：GOVC_NETWORK：GOVC_RESOURCE_POOL：GOVC_HOST：GOVC_GUEST_LOGIN：GOVC_VIM_NAMESPACE：GOVC_VIM_VERSION：
以上变量可在~/.zshrc或/etc/profile或~/.bashrc中设置，同时可使用govc env查看设置。
三、VM的创建
命令详情
Usage: govc vm.create [OPTIONS] NAME
Create VM.
For a list of possible '-g' IDs, see:
http://pubs.vmware.com/vsphere-6-5/topic/com.vmware.wssdk.apiref.doc/vim.vm.GuestOsDescriptor.GuestOsIdentifier.html
https://abiquo.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/doc/pages/311377588/Guest+operating+system+definition+for+VMware
Examples:
govc vm.create -on=false vm-name
govc vm.create -cluster cluster1 vm-name # use compute cluster placement
govc vm.create -datastore-cluster dscluster vm-name # use datastore cluster placement
govc vm.create -m 2048 -c 2 -g freebsd64Guest -net.adapter vmxnet3 -disk.controller pvscsi vm-name
Options:
-annotation= VM description
-c=1 Number of CPUs
-cluster= Use cluster for VM placement via DRS
-datastore-cluster= Datastore cluster [GOVC_DATASTORE_CLUSTER]
-disk= Disk path (to use existing) OR size (to create new, e.g. 20GB)
-disk-datastore= Datastore for disk file
-disk.controller=scsi Disk controller type
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-firmware=bios Firmware type [bios|efi]
-folder= Inventory folder [GOVC_FOLDER]
-force=false Create VM if vmx already exists
-g=otherGuest Guest OS ID
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
-iso= ISO path
-iso-datastore= Datastore for ISO file
-link=true Link specified disk
-m=1024 Size in MB of memory
-net= Network [GOVC_NETWORK]
-net.adapter=e1000 Network adapter type
-net.address= Network hardware address
-on=true Power on VM
-pool= Resource pool [GOVC_RESOURCE_POOL]
-version= ESXi hardware version [5.0|5.5|6.0|6.5|6.7]
示例
govc vm.create -m 2048 -c 2 -disk=30G -host.ip=192.168.1.8 test1
四、VM的管理
具体命令详解可查看文档：https://github.com/vmware/govmomi/blob/master/govc/USAGE.md
1、查询操作
查看所有VM
govc find . -type m
查看所有开机的VM
govc find . -type m -runtime.powerState poweredOn
2、开启与关闭电源
vmname=test
# 开启VM电源
govc vm.power -on -M $vmname
# 关闭VM电源
govc vm.power -off -M $vmname
3、VM的销毁
使用VMWare OVF Tool部署OVF/OVA模板到远程ESXI，详见OVF 管理工具VMWare OVF Tool
关闭VM电源，并删除VM
govc vm.destroy vm_name
4、VM内部操作
Prerequisite
VM安装VMware-Tools工具后进行重启
- 可直接使用包管理工具安装,例如:
yum install -y open-vm-tools - 手动省略，太麻烦
- 可直接使用包管理工具安装,例如:
设置要访问VM的名字及登录用户密码
GOVC_GUEST_LOGIN="root:******" # 如果密码中包含特殊字符“!”，使用"\"进行转义."@"不需要转义 vmname="test"
命令
govc guest.* -vm $vmname
guest.chmod：修改VM中文件的权限
guest.chown：设置VM中文件的所有者
guest.df：显示VM中文件的使用情况
govc guest.df -vm $vmnameguest.download：拷贝VM中的文件到本地
guest.getenv：查看VM中的环境变量
guest.kill：杀掉VM中的进程
guest.ls：查看VM中的文件系统
# 例如查看指定VM中“/root”下的文件夹 govc guest.ls -vm $vmname /rootguest.mkdir：在VM中创建文件夹
govc guest.mkdir -vm $vmname /root/testguest.mktemp：在VM中创建临时文件或文件夹
guest.mv：在VM中移动文件
guest.ps：查看VM中的进程
guest.rm：删除VM中的文件
guest.rmdir：删除VM中的文件夹
guest.run：在VM中运行命令，并显示输出结果
Usage: govc guest.run [OPTIONS] PATH [ARG]... Examples: govc guest.run -vm $vmname ifconfig govc guest.run -vm $vmname ifconfig eth0 cal | govc guest.run -vm $vmname -d - cat govc guest.run -vm $vmname -d "hello $USER" cat govc guest.run -vm $vmname curl -s :invalid: || echo $? # exit code 6 govc guest.run -vm $vmname -e FOO=bar -e BIZ=baz -C /tmp env Options: -C= The absolute path of the working directory for the program to start -d= Input data string. A value of '-' reads from OS stdin -e=[] Set environment variables -i=false Interactive session -l=: Guest VM credentials [GOVC_GUEST_LOGIN] -vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM] govc guest.run -l $GOVC_GUEST_LOGIN -vm $vmname sh -c /root/beforeShutDown.shguest.start：在VM中启动程序，并显示输出结果
Usage: govc guest.start [OPTIONS] PATH [ARG]... Examples: govc guest.start -vm $vmname /bin/mount /dev/hdb1 /data pid=$(govc guest.start -vm $vmname /bin/long-running-thing) govc guest.ps -vm $vmname -p $pid -X Options: -C= The absolute path of the working directory for the program to start -e=[] Set environment variable (key=val) -i=false Interactive session -l=: Guest VM credentials [GOVC_GUEST_LOGIN] -vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]guest.touch：在VM中创建文件
guest.upload：上传本地文件到VM中
govc guest.upload -vm $vmname ./**.tar.gz /root/***.tar.gz
5、VM磁盘管理
①创建新磁盘挂载到虚拟机中
Usage: govc vm.disk.create [OPTIONS]
Create disk and attach to VM.
Examples:
govc vm.disk.create -vm $name -name $name/disk1 -size 10G
govc vm.disk.create -vm $name -name $name/disk2 -size 10G -eager -thick -sharing sharingMultiWriter
Options:
-controller= Disk controller
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-eager=false Eagerly scrub new disk
-mode=persistent Disk mode (persistent|nonpersistent|undoable|independent_persistent|independent_nonpersistent|append)
-name= Name for new disk
-sharing= Sharing (sharingNone|sharingMultiWriter)
-size=10.0GB Size of new disk
-thick=false Thick provision new disk
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
②挂载已创建的VMDK磁盘到虚拟机中
Usage: govc vm.disk.attach [OPTIONS]
Attach existing disk to VM.
Examples:
govc vm.disk.attach -vm $name -disk $name/disk1.vmdk
govc vm.disk.attach -vm $name -disk $name/shared.vmdk -link=false -sharing sharingMultiWriter
govc device.remove -vm $name -keep disk-* # detach disk(s)
Options:
-controller= Disk controller
-disk= Disk path name
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-link=true Link specified disk
-mode= Disk mode override (persistent|nonpersistent|undoable|independent_persistent|independent_nonpersistent|append)
-persist=true Persist attached disk
-sharing= Sharing (sharingNone|sharingMultiWriter)
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
③更新VM磁盘配置
可用于扩容磁盘大小
Usage: govc vm.disk.change [OPTIONS]
Change some properties of a VM's DISK
In particular, you can change the DISK mode, and the size (as long as it is bigger)
Examples:
govc vm.disk.change -vm VM -disk.key 2001 -size 10G
govc vm.disk.change -vm VM -disk.label "BDD disk" -size 10G
govc vm.disk.change -vm VM -disk.name "hard-1000-0" -size 12G
govc vm.disk.change -vm VM -disk.filePath "[DS] VM/VM-1.vmdk" -mode nonpersistent
Options:
-disk.filePath= Disk file name
-disk.key=0 Disk unique key
-disk.label= Disk label
-disk.name= Disk name
-mode= Disk mode (persistent|nonpersistent|undoable|independent_persistent|independent_nonpersistent|append)
-sharing= Sharing (sharingNone|sharingMultiWriter)
-size=0B New disk size
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
6、查看VM信息
Usage: govc vm.info [OPTIONS] VM...
Display info for VM.
The '-r' flag displays additional info for CPU, memory and storage usage,
along with the VM's Datastores, Networks and PortGroups.
Examples:
govc vm.info $vm
govc vm.info -r $vm | grep Network:
govc vm.info -json $vm
govc find . -type m -runtime.powerState poweredOn | xargs govc vm.info
Options:
-e=false Show ExtraConfig
-g=true Show general summary
-r=false Show resource summary
-t=false Show ToolsConfigInfo
-waitip=false Wait for VM to acquire IP address
7、VM的快照
①创建VM快照
Usage: govc snapshot.remove [OPTIONS] NAME
Remove snapshot of VM with given NAME.
NAME can be the snapshot name, tree path, moid or '*' to remove all snapshots.
Examples:
govc snapshot.remove -vm my-vm happy-vm-state
Options:
-c=true Consolidate disks
-r=false Remove snapshot children
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
②快照恢复
Usage: govc snapshot.revert [OPTIONS] [NAME]
Revert to snapshot of VM with given NAME.
If NAME is not provided, revert to the current snapshot.
Otherwise, NAME can be the snapshot name, tree path or moid.
Examples:
govc snapshot.revert -vm my-vm happy-vm-state
Options:
-s=false Suppress power on
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
③查看快照
Usage: govc snapshot.tree [OPTIONS]
List VM snapshots in a tree-like format.
The command will exit 0 with no output if VM does not have any snapshots.
Examples:
govc snapshot.tree -vm my-vm
govc snapshot.tree -vm my-vm -D -i -d
Options:
-C=false Print the current snapshot name only
-D=false Print the snapshot creation date
-c=true Print the current snapshot
-d=false Print the snapshot description
-f=false Print the full path prefix for snapshot
-i=false Print the snapshot id
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
五、VMRC连接VM控制台
1、Prerequisite
- 安装VMWare Remote Console
- 下载地址：https://my.vmware.com/web/vmware/details?downloadGroup=VMRC1101&productId=742
- MacOS 下直接应用商店搜索下载
2、命令详解
govc vm.console --help
Usage: govc vm.console [OPTIONS] VM
Generate console URL or screen capture for VM.
One of VMRC, VMware Player, VMware Fusion or VMware Workstation must be installed to
open VMRC console URLs.
Options:
-capture= Capture console screen shot to file
-cert= Certificate [GOVC_CERTIFICATE]
-dc=ha-datacenter Datacenter [GOVC_DATACENTER]
-debug=false Store debug logs [GOVC_DEBUG]
-dump=false Enable Go output
-h5=false Generate HTML5 UI console link
-json=false Enable JSON output
-k=true Skip verification of server certificate [GOVC_INSECURE]
-key= Private key [GOVC_PRIVATE_KEY]
-persist-session=true Persist session to disk [GOVC_PERSIST_SESSION]
-tls-ca-certs= TLS CA certificates file [GOVC_TLS_CA_CERTS]
-tls-known-hosts= TLS known hosts file [GOVC_TLS_KNOWN_HOSTS]
-u=https://@192.168.1.8/sdk ESX or vCenter URL [GOVC_URL]
-vim-namespace=vim25 Vim namespace [GOVC_VIM_NAMESPACE]
-vim-version=6.7 Vim version [GOVC_VIM_VERSION]
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
-vm.dns= Find VM by FQDN
-vm.ip= Find VM by IP address
-vm.ipath= Find VM by inventory path
-vm.path= Find VM by path to .vmx file
-vm.uuid= Find VM by UUID
# MacOSX VMR
open $(govc vm.console my-vm)
# MacOSX H5
open $(govc vm.console -h5 my-vm)
# Linux VMRC
xdg-open $(govc vm.console my-vm)
# Linux H5
xdg-open $(govc vm.console -h5 my-vm)
3、示例
①截屏 VM
govc vm.console -capture screen.png my-vm # screen capture
govc vm.console -capture - my-vm | display # screen capture to stdout
六、获取VM信息
1、获取VM的IP地址
Usage: govc vm.ip [OPTIONS] VM...
List IPs for VM.
By default the vm.ip command depends on vmware-tools to report the 'guest.ipAddress' field and will
wait until it has done so. This value can also be obtained using:
govc vm.info -json $vm | jq -r .VirtualMachines[].Guest.IpAddress
When given the '-a' flag, only IP addresses for which there is a corresponding virtual nic are listed.
If there are multiple nics, the listed addresses will be comma delimited. The '-a' flag depends on
vmware-tools to report the 'guest.net' field and will wait until it has done so for all nics.
Note that this list includes IPv6 addresses if any, use '-v4' to filter them out. IP addresses reported
by tools for which there is no virtual nic are not included, for example that of the 'docker0' interface.
These values can also be obtained using:
govc vm.info -json $vm | jq -r .VirtualMachines[].Guest.Net[].IpConfig.IpAddress[].IpAddress
When given the '-n' flag, filters '-a' behavior to the nic specified by MAC address or device name.
The 'esxcli' flag does not require vmware-tools to be installed, but does require the ESX host to
have the /Net/GuestIPHack setting enabled.
The 'wait' flag default to 1hr (original default was infinite). If a VM does not obtain an IP within
the wait time, the command will still exit with status 0.
Examples:
govc vm.ip $vm
govc vm.ip -wait 5m $vm
govc vm.ip -a -v4 $vm
govc vm.ip -n 00:0c:29:57:7b:c3 $vm
govc vm.ip -n ethernet-0 $vm
govc host.esxcli system settings advanced set -o /Net/GuestIPHack -i 1
govc vm.ip -esxcli $vm
Options:
-a=false Wait for an IP address on all NICs
-esxcli=false Use esxcli instead of guest tools
-n= Wait for IP address on NIC, specified by device name or MAC
-v4=false Only report IPv4 addresses
-wait=1h0m0s Wait time for the VM obtain an IP address
七、导出VM为OVF模板
1、命令
Usage: govc export.ovf [OPTIONS] DIR
Export V
Options:
-f=false Overwrite existing
-i=false Include image files (*.{iso,img})
-prefix=true Prepend target name to image filenames if missing
-name= Specifies target name (defaults to source name)
-sha=0 Generate manifest using SHA 1, 256, 512 or 0 to skip
-vm= Virtual machine [GOVC_VM]
2、示例
govc export.ovf -vm vmname .
八、ESXI主机的存储磁盘管理
1、查看ESXI主机存储
Usage: govc datastore.info [OPTIONS] [PATH]...
Display info for Datastores.
Examples:
govc datastore.info
govc datastore.info vsanDatastore
# info on Datastores shared between cluster hosts:
govc object.collect -s -d " " /dc1/host/k8s-cluster host | xargs govc datastore.info -H
# info on Datastores shared between VM hosts:
govc ls /dc1/vm/*k8s* | xargs -n1 -I% govc object.collect -s % summary.runtime.host | xargs govc datastore.info -H
Options:
-H=false Display info for Datastores shared between hosts
Name: datastore1
Path: /ha-datacenter/datastore/datastore1
Type: VMFS
URL: /vmfs/volumes/5ad72ff6-920c8d20-3ee7-848f69e3e398
Capacity: 829.0 GB
Free: 503.9 GB
2、查看已有的数据存储
Usage: govc datastore.ls [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Options:
-R=false List subdirectories recursively
-a=false Do not ignore entries starting with .
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-l=false Long listing format
-p=false Append / indicator to directories
3、创建VMDK磁盘
Usage: govc datastore.disk.create [OPTIONS] VMDK
Create VMDK on DS.
Examples:
govc datastore.mkdir disks
govc datastore.disk.create -size 24G disks/disk1.vmdk
govc datastore.disk.create disks/parent.vmdk disk/child.vmdk
Options:
-a=lsiLogic Disk adapter
-d=thin Disk format
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-f=false Force
-size=10.0GB Size of new disk
-uuid= Disk UUID
4、查看VMDK磁盘
Usage: govc datastore.disk.info [OPTIONS] VMDK
Query VMDK info on DS.
Examples:
govc datastore.disk.info disks/disk1.vmdk
Options:
-c=false Chain format
-d=false Include datastore in output
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-p=true Include parents
-uuid=false Include disk UUID
Name: disks/disk1.vmdk
Type: thin
Parent:
5、下载VMDK磁盘到本地
Usage: govc datastore.download [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST
Copy SOURCE from DS to DEST on the local system.
If DEST name is "-", source is written to stdout.
Examples:
govc datastore.download vm-name/vmware.log ./local.log
govc datastore.download vm-name/vmware.log - | grep -i error
Options:
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
九、ESXI主机管理
1、查看ESXI主机信息
Usage: govc host.info [OPTIONS]
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
# 示例
govc host.info -host.ip=192.168.1.8
Name: localhost.localdomain
Path: /ha-datacenter/host/localhost./localhost.localdomain
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Logical CPUs: 24 CPUs @ 3058MHz
Processor type: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU X5675 @ 3.07GHz
CPU usage: 104 MHz (0.1%)
Memory: 98291MB
Memory usage: 4583 MB (4.7%)
Boot time: 2020-04-01 01:21:16.499148 +0000 UTC
State: connected
2、查看ESXI主机日志文件
Usage: govc logs.ls [OPTIONS]
List diagnostic log keys.
Examples:
govc logs.ls
govc logs.ls -host host-a
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
hostd /var/log/hostd.log
vmkernel /var/log/vmkernel.log
vpxa /var/log/vpxa.log
3、实时查看ESXI主机日志
Usage: govc logs [OPTIONS]
View VPX and ESX logs.
The '-log' option defaults to "hostd" when connected directly to a host or
when connected to VirtualCenter and a '-host' option is given. Otherwise,
the '-log' option defaults to "vpxd:vpxd.log". The '-host' option is ignored
when connected directly to a host. See 'govc logs.ls' for other '-log' options.
Examples:
govc logs -n 1000 -f
govc logs -host esx1
govc logs -host esx1 -log vmkernel
Options:
-f=false Follow log file changes
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
-log= Log file key
-n=25 Output the last N log lines
4、下载ESXI日志
Usage: govc logs.download [OPTIONS] [PATH]...
Generate diagnostic bundles.
A diagnostic bundle includes log files and other configuration information.
Use PATH to include a specific set of hosts to include.
Examples:
govc logs.download
govc logs.download host-a host-b
Options:
-default=false Specifies if the bundle should include the default server
5、查看EXSI的资产
Usage: govc ls [OPTIONS] [PATH]...
List inventory items.
Examples:
govc ls -l '*'
govc ls -t ClusterComputeResource host
govc ls -t Datastore host/ClusterA/* | grep -v local | xargs -n1 basename | sort | uniq
Options:
-L=false Follow managed object references
-i=false Print the managed object reference
-l=false Long listing format
-t= Object type
/ha-datacenter/vm/OCP4.3-Tools (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/test1 (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/node1.cloudera.curiouser.com (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/node2.cloudera.curiouser.com (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/node3.cloudera.curiouser.com (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/OKD3.11-Allinone (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/Vsphere vCenter 6.0 (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/PXE Kickstart (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/vm/Allinone K8S114 (VirtualMachine)
/ha-datacenter/network/VM Network (Network)
/ha-datacenter/host/localhost. (ComputeResource)
/ha-datacenter/datastore/datastore1 (Datastore)
6、ESXI主机电源管理
关机
Usage: govc host.shutdown [OPTIONS] HOST...
Shutdown HOST.
Options:
-f=false Force shutdown when host is not in maintenance mode
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
-r=false Reboot host
示例：
govc host.shutdown -f -host.ip ESXI_IP
7、维护状态的管理
①进入维护状态
Usage: govc host.maintenance.enter [OPTIONS] HOST...
Put HOST in maintenance mode.
While this task is running and when the host is in maintenance mode,
no VMs can be powered on and no provisioning operations can be performed on the host.
Options:
-evacuate=false Evacuate powered off VMs
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
-timeout=0 Timeout
# 示例：
govc host.maintenance.enter -host.ip=192.168.1.8
②退出维护状态
Usage: govc host.maintenance.exit [OPTIONS] HOST...
Take HOST out of maintenance mode.
This blocks if any concurrent running maintenance-only host configurations operations are being performed.
For example, if VMFS volumes are being upgraded.
The 'timeout' flag is the number of seconds to wait for the exit maintenance mode to succeed.
If the timeout is less than or equal to zero, there is no timeout.
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
-timeout=0 Timeout
# 示例：
govc host.maintenance.exit -host.ip=192.168.1.8
8、查看ESXI主机开启的服务
Usage: govc host.service.ls [OPTIONS]
List HOST services.
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
# 示例
govc host.service.ls -host.ip 192.168.1.8
Key Policy Status Label
DCUI on Running Direct Console UI
TSM on Running ESXi Shell
TSM-SSH on Running SSH
lbtd on Running Load-Based Teaming Daemon
lwsmd off Stopped Active Directory Service
ntpd on Stopped NTP Daemon
pcscd off Stopped PC/SC Smart Card Daemon
sfcbd-watchdog on Stopped CIM Server
snmpd on Stopped SNMP Server
vmsyslogd on Running Syslog Server
vprobed off Stopped VProbe Daemon
vpxa on Running VMware vCenter Agent
xorg on Stopped X.Org Server
9、ESXI主机上服务的管理
Usage: govc host.service [OPTIONS] ACTION ID
Apply host service ACTION to service ID.
Where ACTION is one of: start, stop, restart, status, enable, disable
Examples:
govc host.service enable TSM-SSH
govc host.service start TSM-SSH
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
# 示例
govc host.service -host.ip 192.168.1.8 status TSM
10、ESXI主机硬盘信息
Usage: govc host.storage.info [OPTIONS]
Show HOST storage system information.
Examples:
govc find / -type h | xargs -n1 govc host.storage.info -unclaimed -host
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
-refresh=false Refresh the storage system provider
-rescan=false Rescan all host bus adapters
-rescan-vmfs=false Rescan for new VMFSs
-t=lun Type (hba,lun)
-unclaimed=false Only show disks that can be used as new VMFS datastores
# 示例：
govc host.storage.info -host.ip 192.168.1.8
Name Type Capacity Model
/vmfs/devices/cdrom/mpx.vmhba1:C0:T0:L0 cdrom - DVD-ROM DS-8D3SH
/vmfs/devices/disks/naa.6d4ae520b6ed2 disk 666.6GB PERC 6/i (local)
/vmfs/devices/genscsi/t10.DP_000 enclosure - BACKPLANE
11、ESXI主机用户会话的管理
①查看会话
Usage: govc session.ls [OPTIONS]
List active sessions.
Examples:
govc session.ls
govc session.ls -json | jq -r .CurrentSession.Key
# 示例
Key Name Time Idle Host Agent
520ea520 vpxuser 2020-04-01 01:22 1s 127.0.0.1 VMware-client/5.1.0
525b5d4f root 2020-04-01 12:18 26m14s 192.168.1.7 VMware-client/6.5.0
52a68e2e dcui 2020-04-01 01:25 4m43s 127.0.0.1 VMware-client/5.1.0
52b127da root 2020-04-01 01:22 3m42s 127.0.0.1
52c429cc root 2020-04-01 12:22 21m44s 192.168.1.7 VMware-client/6.5.0
52d9125d root 2020-04-01 10:42 . 192.168.1.7 govc/0.22.1
②删除会话
Usage: govc session.rm [OPTIONS] KEY...
Remove active sessions.
Examples:
govc session.ls | grep root
govc session.rm 5279e245-e6f1-4533-4455-eb94353b213a
③退出当前会话
Usage: govc session.logout [OPTIONS]
Logout the current session.
The session.logout command can be used to end the current persisted session.
The session.rm command can be used to remove sessions other than the current session.
Examples:
govc session.logout
12、ESXI主机网络的管理
①查看虚拟网卡信息
Usage: govc host.vnic.info [OPTIONS]
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
# 示例：
govc host.vnic.info -host.ip 192.168.1.8
Device: vmk0
Network label: Management Network
Switch: vSwitch0
IP address: 192.168.1.8
TCP/IP stack: defaultTcpipStack
Enabled services: management
②查看虚拟交换机信息
Usage: govc host.vswitch.info [OPTIONS]
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
# 示例：
govc host.vswitch.info -host.ip=192.168.1.8
Name: vSwitch0
Portgroup: VM Network, Management Network
Pnic: vmnic0
MTU: 1500
Ports: 4352
Ports Available: 4344
Allow promiscuous mode: No
Allow forged transmits: Yes
Allow MAC changes: Yes
③创建虚拟交换机
Usage: govc host.vswitch.add [OPTIONS] NAME
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
-mtu=0 MTU
-nic= Bridge nic device
-ports=128 Number of ports
# 示例
govc host.vswitch.add -host.ip 192.168.1.8 test
Name: test
Portgroup:
Pnic:
MTU: 1500
Ports: 4352
Ports Available: 4343
Allow promiscuous mode: No
Allow forged transmits: Yes
Allow MAC changes: Yes
④删除虚拟交换机
Usage: govc host.vswitch.remove [OPTIONS] NAME
Options:
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
13、ESXI用户角色的管理
①查看所有用户角色
Usage: govc role.ls [OPTIONS] [NAME]
List authorization roles.
If NAME is provided, list privileges for the role.
Examples:
govc role.ls
govc role.ls Admin
Options:
-i=false Use moref instead of inventory path
NoAccess Used for restricting granted access
Anonymous Not logged-in user (cannot be granted)
View Visibility access (cannot be granted)
ReadOnly See details of objects, but not make changes
Admin Full access rights
②创建用户角色
Usage: govc role.create [OPTIONS] NAME [PRIVILEGE]...
Create authorization role.
Optionally populate the role with the given PRIVILEGE(s).
Examples:
govc role.create MyRole
govc role.create NoDC $(govc role.ls Admin | grep -v Datacenter.)
Options:
-i=false Use moref instead of inventory path
③删除用户角色
Usage: govc role.remove [OPTIONS] NAME
Remove authorization role.
Examples:
govc role.remove MyRole
govc role.remove MyRole -force
Options:
-force=false Force removal if role is in use
-i=false Use moref instead of inventory path
④更新用户角色
Usage: govc role.update [OPTIONS] NAME [PRIVILEGE]...
Update authorization role.
Set, Add or Remove role PRIVILEGE(s).
Examples:
govc role.update MyRole $(govc role.ls Admin | grep VirtualMachine.)
govc role.update -r MyRole $(govc role.ls Admin | grep VirtualMachine.GuestOperations.)
govc role.update -a MyRole $(govc role.ls Admin | grep Datastore.)
govc role.update -name RockNRole MyRole
Options:
-a=false Add given PRIVILEGE(s)
-i=false Use moref instead of inventory path
-name= Change role name
-r=false Remove given PRIVILEGE(s)
⑤查看用户角色的授予信息
Usage: govc role.usage [OPTIONS] NAME...
List usage for role NAME.
Examples:
govc role.usage
govc role.usage Admin
Options:
-i=false Use moref instead of inventory path
14、Datastore操作
①查看远程ESXI的Datastore详细信息
Usage: govc datastore.info [OPTIONS] [PATH]...
Examples:
govc datastore.info
govc datastore.info vsanDatastore
# info on Datastores shared between cluster hosts:
govc object.collect -s -d " " /dc1/host/k8s-cluster host | xargs govc datastore.info -H
# info on Datastores shared between VM hosts:
govc ls /dc1/vm/*k8s* | xargs -n1 -I% govc object.collect -s % summary.runtime.host | xargs govc datastore.info -H
Options:
-H=false Display info for Datastores shared between hosts
# 示例： govc datastore.info
Name: datastore1
Path: /ha-datacenter/datastore/datastore1
Type: VMFS
URL: /vmfs/volumes/5ad72ff6-920c8d20-3ee7-848f69e3e398
Capacity: 829.0 GB
Free: 506.1 GB
②查看远程ESXI的Datastore目录
Usage: govc datastore.ls [OPTIONS] [FILE]...
Options:
-R=false List subdirectories recursively
-a=false Do not ignore entries starting with .
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-l=false Long listing format
-p=false Append / indicator to directories
③上传本地文件到远程ESXI主机Datastore
Usage: govc datastore.upload [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST
If SOURCE name is "-", read source from stdin.
Examples:
govc datastore.upload -ds datastore1 ./config.iso vm-name/config.iso
genisoimage ... | govc datastore.upload -ds datastore1 - vm-name/config.iso
Options:
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
④下载远程ESXI主机Datastore中的文件到本地
Usage: govc datastore.download [OPTIONS] SOURCE DEST
Copy SOURCE from DS to DEST on the local system.
If DEST name is "-", source is written to stdout.
Examples:
govc datastore.download vm-name/vmware.log ./local.log
govc datastore.download vm-name/vmware.log - | grep -i error
Options:
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-host= Host system [GOVC_HOST]
⑤删除远程ESXI主机Datastore中的文件
Usage: govc datastore.rm [OPTIONS] FILE
Remove FILE from DATASTORE.
Examples:
govc datastore.rm vm/vmware.log
govc datastore.rm vm
govc datastore.rm -f images/base.vmdk
Options:
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-f=false Force; ignore nonexistent files and arguments
-namespace=false Path is uuid of namespace on vsan datastore
-t=true Use file type to choose disk or file manager
⑥移动远程ESXI主机Datastore中的文件
Usage: govc datastore.mv [OPTIONS] SRC DST
Move SRC to DST on DATASTORE.
Examples:
govc datastore.mv foo/foo.vmx foo/foo.vmx.old
govc datastore.mv -f my.vmx foo/foo.vmx
Options:
-dc-target= Datacenter destination (defaults to -dc)
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-ds-target= Datastore destination (defaults to -ds)
-f=false If true, overwrite any identically named file at the destination
-t=true Use file type to choose disk or file manager
⑦在远程ESXI主机Datastore创建文件路径
Usage: govc datastore.mkdir [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY
Options:
-ds= Datastore [GOVC_DATASTORE]
-namespace=false Return uuid of namespace created on vsan datastore
-p=false Create intermediate directories as needed
十、Windows虚拟机的创建
①创建空的虚拟机
gnvm -c 8 -m 20480 -disk=100G -host.ip=192.168.1.103 -on=false -g windows9_64Guest -disk.controller=lsilogic-sas windows
注意：
- 磁盘控制器要选择：
lsilogic-sas，不然在安装过程显示找不到系统磁盘 - SCSI 磁盘控制器类型：
lsilogic|buslogic|pvscsi|lsilogic-sas - 虚拟机OS类型要加上。类型匹配标识见：https://wiki.abiquo.com/display/doc/Guest+operating+system+definition+for+VMware+vSphere+5+and+6
②添加空的CDROM光驱设备(VM需在关机状态)
govc device.cdrom.add -vm windows
③将OS镜像ISO文件加到CDROM设备中
govc device.cdrom.insert -vm windows -device cdrom-3000 Images/Windows\ 10\ Desktop/Windows10_All_x86_64.iso
④设置BIOS启动顺序
govc device.boot -vm windows -delay 100 -order cdrom,ethernet,disk
⑤VM开机
govc vm.power -on -M windows
开机以后就会显示从CD光驱的ISO进行引导启动啦
⑥登录控制台
open $(govc vm.console windows)
⑦(可选)快捷命令
gnvm -c 8 -m 20480 -disk=100G -host.ip=192.168.1.103 -on=false -g windows9_64Guest -disk.controller=lsilogic-sas windows \
&& govc device.cdrom.add -vm windows \
&& govc device.cdrom.insert -vm windows -device cdrom-3000 Images/Windows\ 10\ Desktop/Windows10_All_x86_64.iso \
&& govc device.boot -vm windows -delay 100 -order cdrom,ethernet,disk \
&& govc vm.power -on -M windows \
&& gco windows
附录: 常用命令别名
# 查看所有VM
alias gsp='govc find . -type m'
# 查看所有开机的VM
alias gspo='govc find . -type m -runtime.powerState poweredOn'
# 关闭VM电源
alias gvpof='govc vm.power -off -M $@'
# 开启VM电源
alias gvpo='govc vm.power -on -M $@'
# 获取VM的IP地址
alias ggip='govc vm.ip $@'
# 获取VM的详细信息
alias ggvi=‘govc vm.info $@’
# 销毁VM
alias gdv='govc vm.destroy $@'
# 断开ESXI电源
alias gpof—esxi='govc host.shutdown -f -host.ip 192.168.1.8'
# 进入维护状态
alias gim='govc host.maintenance.enter -host.ip=192.168.1.8'
# 退出维护状态
alias gom='govc host.maintenance.exit -host.ip=192.168.1.8'
# 创建VM
alias gnvm='govc vm.create -host.ip=192.168.1.8 $@'
# 连接VM Console
alias gco='{ IFS= read -r vm && open $(govc vm.console $vm); } <<<'